Table 1: Select gut bacteria-secreted metabolites and their target host nuclear receptors.
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| Gut bacterial metabolites | Bacterial phyla/genera/species | Target nuclear receptors |
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Clostridium, Eubacterium | Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) |
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Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes | FXR |
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Bacteroides fragilis, Parabacteroides distasonis, Clostridium bartlettii, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium longum | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) |
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Lactobacillus, Bacteroidetes | AHR |
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Clostridium sporogenes | Pregnane X receptor (PXR) |
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Lactobacillus | AHR |
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Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria | AHR |
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Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidetes | Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ) |
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Escherichia coli, Bacteroidetes, Propionibacterium | PPAR-γ |
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Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Propionibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus | PPAR-α, PPAR-γ |
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