Table 1: LIFE-EDESIA biomarkers of effects to detect an Endocrine Disruptor (ED)-like Mode-of-Action. Human cell lines, human tissue targets and main nuclear receptor-dependent signalling pathways involved are also reported.
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| Cell-specific, hormone-regulated biomarkers of effect | Human cell lines | Endocrine Disruptor (ED) cell (or tissue) target | Nuclear receptor-, endocrine-dependent pathways controlling the selected biomarkers of effect |
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| Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) secretion | LAPC-4 and LNCaP | Prostate epithelial-like cell (prostate gland) | Androgen Receptor (AR)-mediated signalling pathway |
| β human corio-gonadotropin ( βhCG) secretion | BeWo | Trophoblast-like cells (undifferentiated, first trimester placenta) | Estrogen Receptors (ERs)-mediated signalling pathways |
| α-fetoprotein (AFP) secretion | HuH6 | Fetal hepatocytes (fetal, immature liver) | Signalling pathways mediated by hormones regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism ( e.g., PPAR- α, - β- γ) |
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